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      Current status and future vision of genetically modified org

      放大字體  縮小字體 發(fā)布日期:2005-07-04  作者:Tzu-Ming Pan

      Inst. of Microbiology & Biochemistry, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei 106 Taiwan
      Production of genetically modified (GM) crops is currently concentrated in just a
      few countries while more countries are experimenting new traits. For 2003, 99% of
      GM crops are produced in four countries, i. e. US 63%, Argentina 21%, Canada 6%,
      Brazil and China 4%. Crop-wise, GM soybean made up 61% of global area and GM
      corn accounts for 23% followed by GM cotton (11%) and GM canola (5%).
      Compared with the global planting area, GM soybean and cotton accounted for 55%
      and 21%, respectively. Two major GMO traits in 2003 were herbicide tolerant crops,
      accounted for 73% of all GM crops, while Bt crops accounted for 18%.
      Legislation enacted worldwide to regulate the presence of genetically modified
      organisms (GMOs) in crops, foods and ingredients, necessitated the development of
      reliable and sensitive methods for GMO detection. In this article, protein- and
      DNA-based methods employing western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay,
      lateral flow strips, Southern blots, qualitative-, quantitative-, real-time- and limiting
      dilution-PCR methods, are discussed. Where information on modified gene sequences
      is not available, new approaches, such as near-infrared spectrometry, might tackle the
      problem of detection of non-approved genetically modified (GM) foods. The
      efficiency of screening, identification and confirmation strategies should be examined
      with respect to false-positive rates, disappearance of marker genes, increased use of
      specific regulator sequences and the increasing number of GM foods.
      In Taiwan all foods containing more that 5% GMO must be labeled, and the
      DNA-based methods are the most popular ones. Typical detection methods are the
      following: Western blots, Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbant Assay (ELISA), Lateral
      flow strips, Southern blots, real-time- and limiting dilution-PCR methods being this
      last one the most commonly used. Significant efforts are underway to identify proper
      detection methodology for GMO content in fermented food from soybean, i.e. miso
      and sufu. Standard PCR and nested PCR cannot give positive results to the detection
      of the transgenic components in miso. Standard PCR system failed to detect Roundup
      ReadyTM soybean (RRS) in sufu, while nested PCR can detect RRS in sufu.
      更多翻譯詳細(xì)信息請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊:http://www.trans1.cn
       
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