Money might not buy you love, but it might be able to buy you happiness. Research by two US economists suggests that richer countries are happier than poorer ones and that as countries get richer their inhabitants become happier.

    Conventional wisdom of the past three decades held that higher national gross domestic product often did not translate into a greater overall sense of wellbeing.

    This view, known as the Easterlin Paradox after a 1974 paper by economist Richard Easterlin, inspired some calls for governments to shift their focus away from increasing GDP.

    At the beginning of this year, French president Nicolas Sarkozy announced an effort to find a new measure for GDP that took a greater account of quality of life.

    But a paper by Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, economists at the Wharton business school at the University of Pennsylvania, argues that the Easterlin Paradox is not true.

    Prof Wolfers said their dissenting conclusion partly came from improved statistics covering more countries - poor as well as rich - and a greater number of happiness surveys conducted over the past three decades.

    The paper will be discussed next week at the Brookings Institution think-tank spring conference.

    Prof Easterlin, who has seen the paper, said his paradox still stood. He commended his younger critics' "serious research" but they needed to focus more on happiness in specific countries, rather than "throwing all of these countries together", he said.

    Prof Gary Becker, a University of Chicago Nobel prize winner, will comment on the finding at next week's conference.

    "I think a lot of people found it politically comforting to find that income only mattered for the very poor and once we satisfied our basic needs it didn't matter," Prof Wolfers said.

    金錢(qián)也許無(wú)法為你買(mǎi)來(lái)愛(ài)情，但或許能為你買(mǎi)來(lái)幸福。兩位美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的研究顯示，較富裕國(guó)家的人比較貧窮的國(guó)家更幸福，而隨著國(guó)家富裕程度的提高，國(guó)民的幸福程度也會(huì)增加。

    過(guò)去30年的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，更高的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)通常不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為更強(qiáng)的整體幸福感。

    這種觀點(diǎn)被稱(chēng)作伊斯特林悖論(Easterlin Paradox)，是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家理查德•伊斯特林(R.Easterlin)在1974年的一篇論文中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。一些人士為此呼吁，各國(guó)政府應(yīng)改變對(duì)提升GDP的關(guān)注。

    今年初，法國(guó)總統(tǒng)尼古拉•薩科奇(Nicolas Sarkozy)宣布，將努力尋找一項(xiàng)新的GDP衡量指標(biāo)，以便更好地反映生活質(zhì)量。

    但賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)(University of Pennsylvania)沃頓商學(xué)院(Wharton business school)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家貝齊•史蒂文森(Betsey Stevenson)和賈斯廷•沃爾弗斯(Justin Wolfers)發(fā)表的一篇論文認(rèn)為，伊斯特林悖論并不成立。

    沃爾弗斯表示，他們的不同結(jié)論部分來(lái)自統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的改善——涵蓋了更多國(guó)家，既有富國(guó)，也有窮國(guó)；以及過(guò)去30年進(jìn)行了更多的幸福調(diào)查。

    下周召開(kāi)的布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)(Brookings Institution)智庫(kù)春季會(huì)議將討論這兩位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的論文。

    讀過(guò)這篇論文的伊斯特林表示，他的悖論依然成立。他稱(chēng)贊了兩位年輕批評(píng)者的“嚴(yán)肅研究”，但他表示，他們需要更多地關(guān)注特定國(guó)家的幸福，而非“將所有這些國(guó)家拼湊到一起”。

    芝加哥大學(xué)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主加里•貝克爾(Gary Becker)將在下周的會(huì)議上發(fā)表對(duì)以上發(fā)現(xiàn)的看法。

    貝克爾表示：“我認(rèn)為，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)收入只對(duì)那些極端貧困的人才重要，一旦基本需求得到滿足，收入就不再重要了，許多人會(huì)從政治上感到欣慰。”