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Bioengineered corneas, and implants reversing congenital blindness, have helped transform the future of eye surgery this year.
This man is blind. But now, he can see the outline of a banana, and pick it out of a fruit bowl.He's one of three people who've been given a retinal implant, as part of a trial at the University Eye Hospital in Tuebingen, Germany.
The implant is a three millimeter chip packed with more than one thousand light sensors. Each sensor sends an electrical signal to nerve cells, which are then processed by the brain.
For sufferers of impaired vision, the success of the trial is very encouraging.
Jonathan Abro, Retinitis Pigmentosa Sufferer, said, "For somebody to say, 'people who have lost all or most of their vision are able to distinguish shapes and are learning to see something again that's very exciting."
Over in Sweden, eye surgeons are trying to perfect a different procedure to treat corneal blindness.
Corneas are fragile and easily harmed by injury, malnutrition or infection. Dr. May Griffith, Professor of Lingkoping University, Sweden, said, "In children it's malnutrition, disease. In grown-ups simply aging would do this. So, In general human corneas which are donated after death are used to replace the damaged or diseased cornea. However, there is a worldwide shortage of these corneas."
By inserting an artificial cornea into the eye, scientists hope to coax natural cell growth, and restore a patient's vision.
The procedure has been tested in a first stage study of 10 patients at Sweden's Linkoping University.
However, many larger studies need to be carried out before the technique can be widely adopted.
參考譯文：
今年，通過(guò)生物工程手段制成用來(lái)治療先天性盲的角膜和植入體被成功應(yīng)用到了眼科手術(shù)中。
有一名盲人患者，通過(guò)該手術(shù)已能可以看清香蕉輪廓并將之由水果盤取出。他是三名接受視網(wǎng)膜植入患者中的一位，這是德國(guó)圖賓根大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的一部分。
該植入體是一個(gè)直徑3mm，布由1000多個(gè)光傳感器的芯片。每個(gè)芯片將電子信號(hào)傳至神經(jīng)細(xì)胞，然后大腦進(jìn)一步加工處理該信號(hào)。
該實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的成功給視力下降患者帶來(lái)了福音。
喬納斯.阿波羅，他是一名色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎患者，說(shuō)，“對(duì)于那些失去其全部或大部分視力的人來(lái)說(shuō)，若是能夠識(shí)別分辨出物體形狀并重新看見(jiàn)身邊的事物，將是非常鼓舞振奮人心的事。”
在瑞典，眼科醫(yī)生正在嘗試以一種不同的方法治療角膜患者。
角膜非常的脆弱，很容易創(chuàng)傷、營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良或感染而損壞。瑞典Lingkopin大學(xué)教授梅.格里菲斯說(shuō)，“兒童主要是因?yàn)闋I(yíng)養(yǎng)不良或疾病， 而成人主要是年齡使然�，F(xiàn)實(shí)中通常會(huì)用一些人死后捐贈(zèng)的角膜來(lái)替換那些損壞或染疾的角膜，但其數(shù)量在全世界范圍都是極其匱乏的。”
科學(xué)家希望通過(guò)將人造角膜植入眼睛，誘導(dǎo)那些本體細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)，從而恢復(fù)患者視力。
該方法已于瑞典Linkoping大學(xué)通過(guò)了第一階段的研究，共有10名患者參與該實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程。
然而，在將該技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用之前，仍需做大量深入的研究實(shí)驗(yàn)。
